Turners Syndrome Essays - Cytogenetics, Syndromes, Chromosomes

Turner's Syndrome A relatively uncommon human sex-chromosome disorder. Males very rarely contract this disease. Its occurrence rate in females is about one per 3,000 live female births. Occurs when a sperm carrying no sex chromosomes fertilizes a normal ovum, resulting in a female that has only one X chromosome, producing a male body type: short, with a broad neck, and usually lacking female internal reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics. The patient is usually sterile and pregnancy is rare. Other signs and symptoms include a low hairline, webbed neck, shield-shaped chest with widely spaced nipples, and usually kidney and heart malformations. The patient may also have immature breasts and be of above-average height. Some are mildly retarded. Despite many efforts, no real causes have been found to be linked to this condition. It appears be a random event that can happen to anyone. There is no reason why a woman with Turner's Syndrome should not lead a full, productive life. It is important though that she get good medical care regularly. Bibliography: Biology Today. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. 1991: Page 217. "Turners Syndrome." Via CD-ROM: Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia: 1996 Edition. "The Turner's Syndrome Society of the United States." Via the Internet: "http://www.turner-syndrome-us.org/".

Preceding a Gerund with a Possessive

Preceding a Gerund with a Possessive Preceding a Gerund with a Possessive Preceding a Gerund with a Possessive By Maeve Maddox A gerund is an -ing verb form that is used as a noun. Like any other noun, a gerund can function as the subject or object of a verb, or as the object of a preposition: 1. Gardening is my favorite hobby. (noun, subject of is) 2. He likes shooting skeet. (noun, object of likes) 3. He loves to talk about hunting. (noun, object of the preposition about) 4. Do you mind my asking a question? (noun, object of mind) This post is about the use of my in the fourth example. Why precede the gerund asking with the possessive adjective my? Why not write, â€Å"Do you mind me asking a question?† In this sentence, the word asking is a gerund. A gerund is a noun. Nouns are modified by adjectives, not by other nouns or pronouns. Consider: Because some people don’t like animals, I ask a guest, â€Å"Do you mind my dog?† I wouldn’t say, â€Å"Do you mind me dog.† Ergo, I wouldn’t say, â€Å"Do you mind me asking?† That’s the reasoning and the rule. Then there’s popular usage: If you don’t mind him calling you at work, give him your business card. If you don’t mind them losing your possessions, then this is the hotel for you. You should take out the garbage without me asking. H. W. Fowler calls the construction of preceding a gerund with a noun or accusative pronoun a â€Å"fused participle† and devotes several tetchy pages to it in Modern English Usage. He illustrates the problem with three sentences: 1. Women having the vote share political power with men. (This example is grammatically correct: having is a participle modifying the subject women.) 2. Women’s having the vote reduces men’s political power. (This example is grammatically correct: having is a gerund modified by the possessive women’s.) 3. Women having the vote reduces men’s political power. (This example is ungrammatical.) Fowler points out that because the verb reduces is singular, women cannot be its subject. Yet, having can’t be the subject because that would leave women â€Å"in the air† without a grammatical function. He says the construction is a compound notion that fuses the noun women with the participle having. He calls this construction a â€Å"fused participle,† denouncing it altogether as â€Å"grammatically indefensible.† Modern grammarians still prefer preceding the gerund with a possessive in formal usage, but do not uniformly condemn the fused participle as Fowler did. A writer at a site about legal prose observes that sometimes a fused participle is the only idiomatic choice: There are exceptions–sentences in which idiom simply demands that a participle be fused, or else the sentence rewritten altogether.–Lawprose.org/. Some of the exceptions cited as being accepted by â€Å"respected usage commentators† are: The likelihood of that happening is nil. He frequently felt a chance of this happening. He disapproved of politicians still in their prime writing memoirs. Blindly following the rule with these sentences would produce the following unidiomatic constructions: The likelihood of that’s happening is nil. He frequently felt a chance of this’s happening. He disapproved of politicians still in their prime’s writing memoirs. Careful writers will continue to think carefully about which word precedes a gerund in formal writing. Even in informal speech and writing, a construction like, â€Å"I hate my husband being passed over at work† is to be avoided. As the speaker does not, presumably, hate her husband, the better choice is, â€Å"I hate my husband’s being passed over at work.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Math or Maths?"Confused With" and "Confused About"Using "zeitgeist" Coherently

Worship and Prayer Practices of Islam and Zoroastrianism Essay

Worship and Prayer Practices of Islam and Zoroastrianism - Essay Example The question of how these two religions, despite having almost the same origins, these two are very similar yet very distinct from each other. Examples of their similarities are that both religions are monotheistic by nature, that is their followers believe in one and only one God, Allah for the Muslims and Ahura Mazda for the Zoroastrians. Also both religions hold that Allah and Ahura Mazda had only one prophet sent to preach their teachings, namely: Muhammad for Allah and Zoroaster for Ahura Mazda. Another thing that connects both religions to one another and to any other religion is the belief in a place of salvation (heaven, in Christian terms) and a place of damnation (hell, in Christian terms). This paper discusses the worship and prayer practices of the two religions and how they similar and different in many aspects. Islam is the world's second largest religion, next to Christianity. Though it origins is Middle Eastern, its practice is not only limited in there but also other parts of the world such as Asia and Europe. According to 2005 estimates and census, there are about 900 million to 1.4 billion Muslims today. It is a monotheistic religion which believes that the one and only true God is Allah and Muhammad is his sole prophet. The "Islam" is derived form an Arabic term which means "to be subservient" or "to be obedient". This explains the humble nature of Muslims when it comes to their worship practices ("Islam"). Islam is a religion that is mainly divided into two: Sunni and Shia Islam. Sunni Islam is often referred to as orthodox Islam while Shia is a more contemporary form. The difference between these two factions is mostly based on political issues although lately there has been other deeper reason involved. Sunni Muslims comprise about 85% of the Muslim population while Shia is about 15%. Each division has 4 schools dedicated to the teaching of theology ("Afghanistan."). Some notable Muslims are: Ibn Sina known in the West as Aviccena "the doctor of doctors". He contributed many scientific and theological concepts in his time and was especially known for his works in chemistry and medicine. Another noble Muslim is El Zharawi or Albucasis, the "Father of Surgery". He was known to have written a 30-volume encyclopedia known as At-Tasrif, containing extensive discussions about medical and surgical procedures. Contemporary Muslims and converts to Islam include: Mike Tyson (Heavyweight boxer), Ice Cube (American rapper) and Malcolm X/Malcolm Little, an Afro-American Civil rights leader known by his Muslim name Malik Shabazz (Almed). Muslims refers to their sacred book as the Qu'ran or Koran in other languages, which is believed to have been handed by Allah himself to his prophet Muhammad. It is from the Qu'ran that the 5 tenets of Islam are derived: First: Shahadah, the belief in one and only one God, Allah and that his sole prophet is Muhamad. The second one is Salah, the recitation of the 5 daily prayers. The third one is Sawn, or fasting in the period of Ramadan. The fourth is Zakat, the giving of alms and the last on is Hajj or the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in one's lifetime ("Islam"). The Salat/Salah, the 5

Ethical dilemma about the same sex marriage Research Paper - 1

Ethical dilemma about the same sex marriage - Research Paper Example Two people belonging to the same sex getting marriage do not cause any sort of harm to the society. Society that does not give the permission to the gay people to get married is not saving the people from any harm but is causing the renunciation of basic human rights which hence is unethical. Both these concepts are considered to be the conditions of ethics. However, a society denying the rights of gay people to get married is unethical. It is a fact that gay marriages do affect the purity of the cultural concepts, the religious scholars, the sanctity regarding the natural human intimacy, etc. Some of the Christian, Muslim and Jewish extremists think that it is against their faith for the people belonging to same sex to have lustful and loving feelings for one another. The Christian extremist going back to the bible may quote that Our Creator finds it unacceptable to go against the law of nature. The book of Genesis states that God has created a man for a woman and a woman for a man and it cannot be other way around. Most of the faiths also agree to the fact that the primary purpose of marriage is reproduction, which however cannot take place naturally in the same sex marriages (Benson, 2013). There are some of the religious scholars that do support the gay marriages by stating that God condemns such marriages only when it is based on lust not love. Some of the supporters of gay marriages also say that the story of creation present in the religious books is more symbolic than real. In the modern world there are a large group of people which think that marriage is more about love and understanding than starting a new family, so therefore they do not considered gay marriage an unethical issue (Cline, 2013). There are people who do not belong to any faith yet they consider gay marriages being unethical because they feel that it is wrong for the people belonging to the same sex to be in any kind of relationship. This is because

RFP Requirements Interview Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

RFP Requirements Interview Plan - Essay Example Scope management will then be done through a weekly review of work plan. ` For this Company to appropriately establish this, it will have to establish the weakening areas that have driven for a redesign consideration; impact of not going through the redesigned project; unforeseen success of the new project; beneficiaries of this improvement implementation; any additional information that needs to be included in the strategy if any; and to finally establish why all the above are necessary. Gadget Inc is a profit making company that needs to establish their efficiency requirements and that of their customers. This company will settle for requirements driven strategy as all their measures are geared towards making enormous turnovers and satisfying their clients too. Above and beyond, they need to compete fairly with their competitors in the available markets. This strategy focuses on identifying business requirements separately from company’s and technological limitations. Customers in the market are determined to get products worth their pay in exchange. Therefore, Gadget Inc products have to be durable, in better sizes or quantities, of varying prices for all economic classes of people (low and high classes), and better than for other competitors. In requirements-driven approach, the strategy is to gather enough information or data which will enable the project team to come up with a competent system for business solution modeling. The customer needs to have a feeling of being listened to and engaged in determining end product. Stakeholders are always part of the design and production team. Their involvement inputs production costs, managerial costs and decision making. Additionally, they gather requirements from varied perspectives (as shown in the diagram above) as settles for result driven approach to ensure that the business output meets the desired product. A requirement interview will be determined

Impact of Minimalism on Post-minimalist Movements

Impact of Minimalism on Post-minimalist Movements Early in 1960, Minimalism was as an abstract movement in the subject art. It also dismissed the very idea of both subjective as well as relational painting, the intricacy of Abstract expressionist facade, as well as the other elements of action painting such as the poignant polemics and zeitgeist. Minimalism debated upon the point that excessive simplicity captures the entire sublime representation which is a prerequisite in the art. Minimalism in painting is linked with painters like Frank Stella. It is opposed to the modernist movement but can be further interpreted as a forerunner to the post modern movement. Process Art During the mid 1960s, Process Art was regarded as a creative movement in Europe and the US. The drip paintings of Jackson Pollock have its roots. On the other hand, the employment of the blessing has marked coherence with Dada. The prominent themes in the process of art movement are transience and change. As per the Guggenheim Museum, in the year 1968, Robert Morris had a revolutionary exhibition and essay ascertaining the movement . The process artists were also a part of the issues attendant to the body, the improvisation and the random occurrences, as well as the liberating qualities of certain nontraditional materials like latex, wax and felt. Various techniques such as hanging, cutting and dropping and other organic processes like condensation, growth, decomposition or freezing is used to create various irregular, erratic and anomalous forms. Land Art Land art or earth art as an art movement gained popularity in the US in the late 1960s and 70s. Robert Smithson also called it as earthworks. In this form of art, the art work and the landscape are linked accordingly. Further, such form of art is created using natural paraphernalia like soil, pebbles, rocks (boulders, stones and bed rocks), other organic materials such as branches, leaves, logs and water, along with the introduced materials like metals, concrete, asphalt, other mineral pigments etc. The landscape is considered as the means of creation and hence the sculptures are not placed in it. Many a times, the earth moving equipment is also involved. The works are located away from the civilization and most often, exist in the open, in order to abrade under the natural conditions. The initial works, created in the deserts of New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona and Utah are only present as photographs and video recordings as these were evanescent in nature. THE MOST RADICAL CHALLENGE TO TRADITIONAL CONCEPTS OF SCULPTURE The perceptual as well as structural changes in the forms define a new movement in the art. The changes further make the movement innovative. However, if we consider Robert Morris essays Notes on Sculpture, then the prominent changes in the form are just the distinct extensions of a mere change in the relevance. Post the year 1945, changes in global politics and the recognition of a mans disastrous capacity as witnessed via holocaust and other atomic warfare had sparked off a restructuring of the relevance in art. The other gestural and organic forms of Abstract Expressionism were a result of the surrealism of the years of pre-war, similarly like the art of the 1950s era, which held a place of prominence for almost a decade. Further, the art of 1960s also witnessed an innovative restructuring, which was based upon a change in theoretical, social and other various political practices. The stirring art of the 1950s, 60s and 70s found relevance in the necessity of reconstituting the object as art. Moreover, a new stress upon the object, the adjuration of the allusion as well as metaphor, also finds its traces in several movements of the 60s as well as 70s. The conventional and traditional forms of painting and sculpture had also undergone a transformation. Moreover, the artistic expression of new forms of Fluxes and Conceptual Art also witnessed a restructuring. In 1960s and 1970s, the Post Minimalism and Minimalism as well as the land art forms of sculpture came into existence. These underwent a complete transformation in terms of perception, form and structure. The contemporary concepts of sculpture were contributed by each movement, individually. Minimalism being the first among the movements, called to question the various traditional concepts of spatial concerns, figuration and the originality of the artist. Moreover, by conducting an investigation of the change in the form as well as to how the change in the minimalist sculpture was viewed upon, its evident that the most vital challenge to the traditional concepts of sculpture were provided by Minimalism and further, these also served as the effects on the aesthetics of Post-Minimalism and Land Art. Minimalism helped in bringing the concepts of sculpture which were traditional in nature, so as to understand the challenge. It made the understanding of the arts under the category of Minimalism. The beginning of Minimalism in the year 1960s was a jargon which was associated with 5 various artists:- Donald Judd, Robert Morris, Dan Flavin, Carl Andre, and Sol LeWitt. In spite of the fact that the work of all the artists had same and general attributes, none of them accepted the title of Minimalist, probably for the reason that it connoted a reduction in the form. Further, the attributes which governed the Minimalist art were theoretical as well as formal as minimalism stripped the personal forms, gestures and focus on the object. The changes towards essential and strong forms was a denial of the illusory and the descriptive work during 1950s and was further expressed via using geometric and other rigid patterns. Since the symmetrical and geometrical are the kind of forms which are ea sily perceived in ones mind, Morris states that the stress upon Geometric was a pretty natural tendency while one drives towards a higher concreteness. The evolution from the gestural and illusory forms during the 1950 does justify the three dimensionality of Minimalist art. In his essay Specific Objects, Donald Judd tells that the three-dimensionality of works forms an original space and also removes the obstacle of illusion which is found in the conventional forms of European artistic tradition. Though the application of perspective helps in creating an allusion of space in the painting, the three dimensional forms on the other hand, help in removing every kind of allusion, thereby just leaving behind the object. Judds ideas were not new concepts entirely. The concern of Minimalist for the object got originated in flags and targets of Jasper Johns who discarded the figure-ground relationship which was found in the traditional paintings by making the extension of the object represented at the canvas edges and by blurring the lines in between the objects and subjects represented. The discarding of the figure ground relationship was done by Frank Stella who deployed the notion that a painting is just what one sees and his painting was based upon the same. Judd and Stella also laid emphasis upon the sentiment of wholeness in their work. The whole idea for Stella was a complete visual work and to view the whole idea was to view the paint on the canvas. Donald Judds work on the other hand required maintenance of a sense of wholeness, which he believed was lacking in the traditional form of sculptures. Judd in his writings on new sculptures of 1960s asserts that the image, shape, surface and color are not scattered or dispersed, but are rather single in the Minimalist sculpture. Further, there are no moderations in parts and areas, as well as any sort of transitional and connections areas. Nothing is neutral as well. Judd also worked upon the simple and plain forms in order to create unity in the pieces. Moreover, his notion of wholeness via structure and form was also exemplified in the year 1969. Despite the fact that the work comprised ten separate forms which were attached to the wall, all the forms were regarded and read as one piece . The unity to work is also provided by monochrome copper surface as well as the geometric forms repetition. Further, the space in between the mounted units reverberate the measurements of ten copper forms and are read as an element of the sculpture. The Untitled 1969 still remains like an object, inhabiting the three dimensional area of the gallery. During the 1960s, Judd laid stress on the three-dimensionality as well as a prominent aspect of the aesthetic minimalist sculptural, which was involved with the extremely popular theoretical and philosophical practices of structuralism and phenomenology during 60s. Further, the investigation of the functions of a form in space and that how a human beings behavior is resolved by different structures was the basic aspect of the minimalist sculpture. Moreover, Minimalism not only focused upon both, the object as well as how an art object is ancillary to its environment, context and placement for its reception and meaning. Minimalist sculpture and its relationship with the spatial environment is probably the most profound challenge which the Minimalism had presented to already existing ideas of sculpture. Minimalism left the focus on verticality by fully discarding the plinth and focused on the horizontality of forms, unlike the traditional sculptures which were represented as abiding their very space on the plinth. The shocking work by Carl Andre, Equivalent 1966 had replaced the plinth with a certain sculpture which re-echoed the shape of plinth. The sculpture abolishes the traditional beliefs of vertical, upright and figurative representation of the sculpture, as it is made from mass produced firebricks and is placed in horizontal rows. The viewer can inhabit the temporary space, as its placed on the floor directly and is also removed from the plinth for there remains no spatial difference in the gallery floor, the art work and the space inhabited by the onlooker. By eliminating the base and shifting the directionality of sculpture, Minimalism drastically altered the relationship not only between the sculpture and the surrounding space but also the relationship between the sculpture and the viewer. Minimalist sculpture also examined various other phenomenological sensations via structure and material of work, apart from exploring the spatial relationships and three dimensionality. Dan Flavin makes use of light to create space and to articulate in his work Monument for V. Tatlin, 1966. Flavin examines the creation as well as continuing of the space via elaborate plays on shadow and light. The sculptures castes a phenomenological affect on the onlooker as the effects of color and light changes the space which is inhabited by the sculpture. Monument for V. Tatlin, 1966 highlights the interest of Minimalist in using new industrial materials similarly Like Andres Equivalent VIII, 1966, but it also lacks specificity of origin. The materials produced in mass such as metal sheets, fluorescent bulbs and firebricks aided the Minimalist artists in creating works where the artists presence was obscure. The Minimalist aesthetic tends to be inclined towards an artists persona, unlike Abstract Expressionism. It was geared more towards the artists absence and also offered a thorough disconnection in between the work and the artist. The Minimalist artists Donald Judd and Sol Le Witt created a sculpture with the approach of anti-rationalism where the expressions of the artist were the most important, rather than the way of expressing them. Perhaps this was the influence of the 1979s Barthes text Death of the Author. The impersonality of the Minimalist aesthetic is exemplified by the Five Open Geometric Structures. Sol LeWitt, in his w ork has maintained a notion of impersonality by carving detailed instructions of the art works which are needed to be carried out by his assistants. LeWitt also created instructions for the forms in the Five Open Geometric Structures, but he didnt took part in any of the aspect of their construction. The artists correlation with the work was eliminated completely, thus leading to a drastic makeover of the artists physical presence in the work of Jackson Pollock and the Abstract Expressionists. For claiming Minimalism as one of the most fundamental affront of the traditional sculpture, it is necessary to also examine Minimalism in the historical context which is much wider. During the 1960s Minimalism was regarded as the new sculpture. It was also essential to recognize that the contents of Minimalism were also present in the earlier as well as the other artistic movements. The focus of Minimalisms on the object was a notion which was also pioneered by Jasper Johns. Exploring the spa ce and other scenarios can also be traced to various other artists and sculptors, which also include Anthony Caro, the one who challenged traditional sculptures verticality. The boxes of Joseph Cornell were not similar to that of Donald Judds cubes as far as exploring the phenomenological was concerned as the former was working on smaller scale. Minimalism was made fundamental by the combination of the ideas that were brought forth via earlier forms of sculpture and the fact that the combination of these ideas was manifested in just a single aesthetic sculpture. Therefore the notions of visual and form perception were brought together by Minimalism, which at the same time also examined the philosophical and theoretical guidelines of anti-rationalism, phenomenology and structuralism, by making use of the new industrial materials. The Land art can also be read as highly fundamental sculpture during 60s and 70s, if the association of phenomenological with immensity is recalled, in spit e of the formal differences of traditional sculpture and a reference to the ecological movements and the contemporary environment. CONCLUSION By determining the impact of Minimalism upon Post-Minimalist movements of the late 60s and 70s as well as Land Art, it is evident that though Minimalism was deprived off its stimulus during the late 1960s, the reactions as well as the ideas of the movement afflicted the forms which were assumed by the later sculpture. Morris in his essay Notes on Sculpture, explains that art undergoes constant changes in its structure and perception. His notion of the perpetual change is considered the best way of examining a basic impact of Minimalism upon the traditional notions of sculpture. The emergence of minimalism during 1960s also witnessed a rise of civil rights and feminist liberation. However, despite a change in the form, the idea of the process and the Vietnam war was regarded as a completely different era unlike the consumer -oriented and the conservative one. The 1960s object of primary importance was replaced by the notion of fragment and process. Minimalism had to suffer due to a re structuring of the probable relevance of the object. However in spite of the change in the form and implementing the new materials, the creations after 1960s used the knowhow of Minimalist aesthetic and hence the involvement and understanding of Minimalism and Land Artist , as well as Post-Minimalists describes the influence of radical Minimalism for creation of sculptures during the 1960s and 70s era.

Kate Chopin Gives a Womans Voice to Realism Essay -- essays papers

Kate Chopin Gives a Womans Voice to Realism Kate Chopin succeeded in giving a woman's voice to realism. While doing this she sacrificed her career. This seems to be a "higher order of feminism than repeating the story of a woman as victim...Kate Chopin gives her female protagonist the central role, normally reserved for the man, in a meditation on identity and culture, consciousness, and art." (Robinson 3) "The role of woman in the society Chopin creates is of special interest and relevance. (Robinson 6) Introduction to Kate Chopin Before Kate Chopin came onto the writing scene, women had an insignificant role in society. Women never did anything that would cause some sort of controversy. All literature focused around a male main character as well. Most stories being written at the time were about male characters and their stories, not the women. Kate Chopin changed that. Kate Chopin was born Katherine O'Flaherty. She was born in St. Louis, Missouri in 1851. Her father was an Irish immigrant and her mother was of French descent. They introduced Kate to music and writing at an early age. (Elements of Literature 481) At nineteen she married Oscar Chopin, who was a French Creole from New Orleans. They had six children together. After her husband's sudden death IN???, she moved back to ST. Louis and began to write. In 1890 she published her first novel. Her stories concerned the life of French Creole in Louisiana and were praised for their accurate portrayal of the French. Her themes are a much more controversial matter: it was the repression of women in Victorian America. This theme was presented in her famous novel The Awakening. (Robinson 15) The Awakening Kate Chopin's most well... ...s. She accomplished her goals, and made a major impact on writing. Kate Chopin influenced many other women writers today. She was "a pioneer of her own time, in her portrayal of women's desires of independence and control of their own sexuality." (Toth 481) Bibliography: 1. Allen, Priscilla. "Old Critics and New: The treatment of Chopin's The Awakening." The Authority of Experience: Essays in Feminist Criticism, eds. Arlyn Diamond and Lee R. Edwards. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1997. 2. Chopin, Kate. "A Pair of Silk Stockings" Elements of Literature. Orlando, Florida: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, Inc., 1993 481-484 3. Moers, Ellen. Literary Women: Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1976 4. Q. Arpin, Susan Allen Toth. Elements of Literature, 5th Course. Orlando, Florida: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, Inc., 1993

Venn Diagram

Visual tool to help students organize complex information in a visual way. The Venn diagram comes from a branch of mathematics called a set theory. John Venn developed them in 1891 to show the relationship between sets. The information is normally presented in linear text and students make the diagram to organize the information. It makes it easier when there is a lot of information, because with linear text it is not as easy to see the relationship.The Venn diagram is an important tool for dents because it is another way for them to problem solve in life. If you are presented with a lot of information that is confusing you can use the Venn diagram to organize the information and once you have the information it is easy for you to see it all laid out before you. This diagram is something that also helps students who are more of a visual learner. If you are able to put all of the information out in a diagram and then you are able to not only see all of the information, you are able to have it all organized in a diagram and right here for you to see.This method is helpful for all students, even those who are not visual learners. With the Venn diagram you are also able to see how the information relates to each other, as well as where the information does not relate. Have always found the Venn diagram an easy method of learning for lots of information. An example would be if you had a list of students who were good in math, a list of students who are good in English and then a group of students who are good in science and along with that list you have a sit of students who are good in all three subjects.

Hetaira, the Greek Courtesans

Hetaira, the Greek Courtesans Hetaira- or  hetaera- is the ancient Greek word for a type of highly skilled prostitute or courtesan. The daughters and wives of Athenian citizens were sheltered from men and most serious education at least partly in order to assure their suitability as citizen wives. Adult female companionship at drinking parties (the famous symposium) could be supplied by a high priced prostitute- or hetaira. Such women might be accomplished musicians, rich, well-educated, and agreeable companions. Aspasia of Miletus Pericles- one of the most important leaders of his time- had a mistress named Aspasia of Miletus. Due to her status as a  foreigner, she may have been doomed to become a hetaira. At the time, those who were not native citizens of Athens were unable to marry Athenian citizens. Her life was likely the richer for it, however. Erotic Entertainers Other hetairai (hetairai is a plural form of hetaira) provided funds for civic improvements. According to an article from the Perseus Digital Library titled,  The Representation Of Prostitutes Versus Respectable Women On Ancient Greek Vases: These women were essentially sexual entertainers and often had artistic skills. Hetairai had physical beauty but also had intellectual training and possessed artistic talents; attributes that made them more entertaining companions to Athenian men at parties than their legitimate wives.- Perseus Digital Library Daughters of DemeteronHetaira According to Daughters of Demeter, women in Athens, though not trained in athletics, seem nevertheless to have had opportunities for sport and exercise. They go on to say  that the wealthy learned to read and gathered in private homes to share music and poetry.

A Closer Look into Healthcare Spending Essay Example

A Closer Look into Healthcare Spending Essay Example A Closer Look into Healthcare Spending Paper A Closer Look into Healthcare Spending Paper More and more, the rising expenditure in healthcare is getting a closer long-overdue attention from both the American public and the policymakers in Washington. The glaring disparity between US spending on healthcare which stands at sixteen percent (16%) of the GDP as against other industrialized nations which only average between eight to ten percent (8 10%) of their GDP says a lot about the need for an overhaul of the existing policies and systems at work. Moreover, According to a recent report released by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services or CMS, the healthcare expenditure in 2006 was estimated at $2.16 Trillion and is projected to reach over $4 Trillion per annum by 2016 [1]. If this is computed at individual spending, it would cost an average of $7,110 for the year 2006. The projected aggregated increase in spending would mean that about $12,320 per person per annum will be spent by 2016 [1]. These issues on the unabated rise of health care expenditure warrants a closer look not only into the spending itself but more on how it is being spent and the efficiency and quality by which healthcare is being delivered. Clearly, in comparison with other developed countries, the US healthcare system spends more but not necessarily delivers it more efficiently nor is the quality of care above and over what the other developed nations have as iterated in the position paper published by the Commonwealth Fund (Davis, K., et. al. Jan. 2007) . In fact, if we look closely into the CMS reports on how these monies were being spent, hospital care comprise of thirty percent of the total expenditure, twenty percent went into Physician and other clinical services, Nursing homecare at six percent, Prescription drugs at ten percent, Program administration and Net Cost at seven percent and twenty five percent went to other cost like dental services, home health, durable medical products, sundries, other personal health care, research, structures and equipment [CMS, 2005 Report]. Closely related to the topic of spending is where the monies to pay for these expenditures came from.   According to the same report from CMS, National Health Statistics Group, the biggest portion came from the Private Insurance group at 35%, Medicare came next with 17%, Medicaid and SCHIP at 16%, Out of Pocket expenses (or from individuals at 13%, Other public funds at 13% (Public meaning Worker’s Compensation program. Public Health Activity, Department of Defense, Department of Veteran’s Affairs, Indian Health Services, State and local health subsidies and school health subsidies), Other Private funds at 7% (Other private funds include industrial in-plant, privately funded construction and non-patient revenues including philanthropy from private parties. Given the above most recent data, several studies both government and private sector initiatives have submitted and made public their position on the issue.   One such position was from the Commonwealth Fund Group, whose authors include Karen Davis, Ph.D., Cathy Schoen, M.S., Stuart Guterman et. al.   In their position paper, the group also sourced their references from the CMS [5] and zeroed in on two possible areas where cost cutting measures can be made. These two areas focused on one time savings and the other on a more long term and recurring basis.   The one time savings can apparently be derived from â€Å"high levels of U.S. expenditures, inefficiency and waste†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ [K. Davis, Jan. 2007]. Among these â€Å"inefficiencies† were the apparent â€Å"overuse, inappropriate, or ineffective uses of care;   payment incentives that reward the delivery of more services, without consideration to clinical value or cost-effectiveness; market power of insurers, providers, and the health industry, including pharmaceutical companies, device manufacturers, and other suppliers to set prices above competitive market levels; a low ratio of primary to specialty care physicians and services; access barriers to preventive and primary care that contribute to avoidable hospital admissions, emergency department use, and complications of chronic and acute disease; a lack of well-coordinated care that leads to unsafe. D uplicative, or conflicting care; inadequate information systems and information exchange; and High administrative costs, including the high proportion of insurance premiums used to cover overhead costs, the complexity of insurance benefit design and duplicative and uncoordinated requirements, and administrative costs for providers† (K. Davis, et. al.   Jan. 2007). The group further stated strategies could be geared towards making substantial savings that could accumulate to $1.39 Trillion (over an eight year period from 2007 to 2015) if a one-time reduction of 5% in health care expenditures can be effected.   Specific areas were recommended that could well provide the strategies that everyone from the public to the private sector is looking for. These areas are concentrated on the following: first is the provision of more access to information about health providers and cost to give more options to the paying public and promote greater competition among providers, thus increasing quality of care provision over a period of time. Second is an across the board reduction of administrative cost for insurers for them to extend the savings to their clients. Third is the re-focusing of resources into primary and preventive care instead of palliative health care. Fourth is the re-allocation of resources into information technology infrastructures and exchange of information for the greater benefit of the public. Lastly, and fifth, to put investments into strategic areas to ensure access, affordability and equity for all Americans. I tend to agree to the recommendations of the group over the other studies and recommendations that I went through.   Although for sure, these recommendations need further detailed planning and further studies to substantiate the claims and conclusions. Overall, the same sources of funds as cited by the CMS would have to shell out the same level of resources for a period of time until the recommendations outline for cost cutting and more effective means of healthcare delivery system will have been in place.   A projection or timetable of five to seven years may be more feasible for both further study and a detailed manual of operationalization can be in effect. For the meantime, however, both the government at all levels – federal, state and local should be responsive to the calls for changes and heed the transformation doctrine once it is passed by legislation and put into place.   Furthermore, a call for uniformity of enforcement at the local levels should be ensured to avoid the pitfalls of having a huge disparity of healthcare cross in different parts of the country.. References: [1] Centers for Medicare and Medical Healthcare Benefits. Various reports including   Ã‚  Ã‚   Projections for Health expenditure Projections from 2005 to 2016. From: cms.hhs.gov/NationalHealthExpendData/ [2] Snapshots: Health Care Growth (Kaiser Permanente). Retrieved on Feb. 23, 2007, From:kff.org/insurance/snapshot/chcm050206oth2.cfm [3] Medical Expenditure†¦ Retrieved on Feb. 23, 2007, From: ahrq.gov/qual/nhdr06/methods/meps.htm [4] SAMSHA reports. Retrieved on Feb. 23, 2007. From: samhsa.gov/spendingestimates/chapter1.aspx [5] The Commonwealth Fund website: Retrieved on Feb. 23, 2007, From: cmwf.org/publications/publications_show.htm?doc_id=449510

Disney case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Disney - Case Study Example These are just to mention but a few strategies that saw the company to a real turnaround. Most important, was to increase customer base as well as customer satisfaction by capturing not only the kids as previously was, but also the tween and adult market. As a matter fact, specialization in kid market had retarded the company’s brand growth resulting to loss of important opportunities. This called for marketing strategies that would enable the company capture the tween and adult. Despite having prospered, the success story would have been greater if Disney had maximized in marketing and promoting their already existing products in conjunction with branding it to fit the entire market, not excluding the mobile sector. This could have been achieved via the marketing plan below. According to Lamb et al (2014), a marketing plan is based on a mission statement which should not possess a marketing myopia. Thus, having carried SWOT analysis of the industry, the mission statement ought to incorporate customer satisfaction, with mobile application increasing convenience and accessibility, in a manner that it eliminates addiction. Note that the SWOT analysis should consider creating awareness of the new branded franchises as a very important opportunity and thus incapacitate its internal strength towards successful marketing. As Disney operates in a very competitive industry, which is also very global, then he marketing strategy should allow for adaptations. Moreover, the main objective is to expand sales through market expansion. Therefore, sales promotion should be based on the various types of market which include, kids (already captured), and adult and tween market. As tween market makes a greater contribution, and then major emphasis needs to be done and woul d better be divided into boy tween and girl tween to capture each category precisely. In a nutshell, the

A critical study of human resource management in a particular country Essay

A critical study of human resource management in a particular country - Essay Example These differences can be clearly noted and visualized in the fields pertaining to the management of any organization. This paper explores the reasons as to how human resource (HR) and employment practices reflect a distinct demarcation in the policies and the values adopted by organizations across geographical boundaries. India presents a diversified market and business economy and the country has proved to be a lucrative market to the entrepreneurs for investment in business. The human resource management (HRM) practices in the country assume interesting dimensions owing to its diversities and complexities existing in the business environment. The study presents an in-depth assessment of the HRM practices in this country. India is considered to be one of the robust and emerging economics in the world. Many companies overseas are considering India as an epicenter for outsourcing jobs. Indian firms are continuously expanding by adopting the corporate strategy, other financial and mana gement aspects in order to buy sell or merge two companies to form an entirely new entity. This is quite evident from the fact that in the year 1997, Indian companies as a whole had bought 34 foreign companies for about $11 billion dollars. This has been possible primarily because of the rise in capital investment and labor force. It is speculated that by the year 2020, India will add 18 million labors which is more than the entire labor population of Germany (Chatterjee, 2007). This huge labor population has called for an entirely new, reformed and an advanced version of HR concepts and practices in India. Institutional context in human resource management – an overview of theories According to the Concise Oxford English Dictionary (2002), an institution is defined as â€Å"an official organization with an important role in a country† or â€Å"an organization founded for a religious, educational, or social purpose† (Hollinshead, 2009, p24). Globalization has tr iggered widespread changes in existing institutional structures within economies. The changes in institutional frameworks and governance practices on account of globalization have fuelled debates and controversies regarding the efficacy and viability of such changes. A number of economic theories and concepts have shaped the economic and social order of countries that provide an idealized platform for economic growth and development (Rodrik, 2007). Adam Smith in his works The Wealth of Nations outlined the doctrine of Neo-liberalism in the year 1776. According to this doctrine the market forces have an inherent capacity of allocating and utilizing the resources according to its own desired way which can restrict and endanger the distribution and usage of wealth. The capital and the labor forces should have a freedom of movement; they should have the flexibility to work anywhere (Hollinshead, 2009). Every individual should pursue their self –interest only in rightful way and i s accountable for his or her own action. Thus according to Adam Smith, the state should not interfere with the movement or the behavior of the labor or capital. There should be no restrictions on the trade and the economic transactions should be allowed to act freely without any resistance by the government (Abbott, 2008). Neo –corporatist ideology, whose ideas and views are quite contrary to the neo-liberalism focuses on the usage and the importance of the state with regards to meeting the interest of the major and influential social groups who are dealing with the human resources and the capital intensive products and services. According to the theory the uncontrolled and non restricted market forces may generate uneven and unpredictable results. This may give